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Evening primrose Oenothera biennis

At the back of our yard, we allow the weeds to grow. In one corner they grow very tall indeed. When I featured this plant as 365 urban species #233 I said that it might grow as tall as five feet. The row in the back of our yard includes specimens that are easily seven feet tall.

Evening primrose blooms in the evening, and stays open until late the next morning. This allows it to be pollinated by day-flying and nocturnal insects both.

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Rough fleabane Erigeron strigosus

I should caution anyone reading this blog that my plant identifications, how you say, lack rigor. I used a combination of the Peterson's wildflower guide (my mom's 1968 edition) and the Go Botany website to eliminate the more commonly seen annual fleabane E. annuus.

Fleabanes generally bloom earlier than the similarly daisy-like asters. The wonderful name comes from the optimistic notion that the flower can be used to repel fleas. This species is known as prairie fleabane in the western states, and has been introduced into Europe, where it can be invasive.

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February first was unusually warm, not that you can tell it from this picture.


This one shows it a little better--the prairie dogs spend most of the winter down in their burrows, but on this day there were four of them out enjoying the weather.


Someone recently posted a pic of a very similar plant, blooming in midwinter, who was that--or was it on facebook? This appears to be some kind of groundsel, so far as I can tell. (Senecio sp?)
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We had to walk by this view on our way from our room in the convent to the elevator.

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Three O'Clock on the 28th found us relaxing in the Casa Cubuy Restaurant after the day's activities.

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Alex came over to keep me company during my traditional Lonely Bachelor Xmas weekend. (Alexis spent the weekend with her family in Vermont. I took care of the dogs.) Beer was involved.


Our foster dog Cammie spends a lot of time in the kitchen dog bed.


This weed in the cellar window well has turned red with the stress of late autumn. Is it some kind of spurge or carpetweed perhaps?
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This ground cover of hop clover (Trifolium campestre or similar species) is growing along the wall of the house in the side yard, inside the gravelly line where rain from the roof falls.

We are quite used to seeing clover with white or reddish flowers, but there are also several yellow species. Hop clover is an alien weed, from Eurasia, but something of a welcome one. It forms a nice ground cover, doesn't cause any dermatitis (sorry, have poison ivy on the mind kind of always now), and is edible to livestock. Since it is a legume, it also fixes nitrogen in the soil, making a better growing environment for most other plants.

This species is new to this journal, but I have written about a lookalike relative called black medick.

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This little oak (Probably Quercus rubra) is sprouting from an acorn that a squirrel most likely buried near one of the perennial beds.

Left alone for a hundred years, our yard would turn into a mixed forest of red oak and Norway maple. In fact, if human activity in eastern Massachusetts halted altogether, the whole place would be mostly mixed deciduous forest in a few decades. It wouldn't look like the forest that was present when European colonization took place: the American chestnut and American elm trees are gone, and new trees like Norway maple and Tree of heaven are practically naturalized. A larger effect might be the grazing white-tailed deer, unchecked by predators, they have helped make certain forest plants extremely rare. Eventually the wolves will spread back to New England, and without human opposition the mountain lions will too, and some equilibrium might be restored.

But I digress. The nearest oak trees are two yards away, and yet squirrels have seen fit to bury enough acorns in my yard that I've pulled six or eight of these saplings already, and discover one or two more every day. I love Northern red oak, but I don't want any in this yard. They provide great habitat for wildlife, and become very impressive trees, but I simply don't want to deal with the acorn clean-up.

Oaks can be broadly divided into the white oaks, with rounded lobes on their leaves, and the red oaks with pointed lobes. This sapling has pointed lobes, and the nearest oaks are Northern red oaks. I have pulled some that look like pin oak saplings as well. Northern red oak appears frequently on this blog, mostly accounting to the large numbers of huge specimens in The Riverway and in Franklin Park. It was 365 urban species #277
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One of the first of many Poison ivy(Toxicodendron radicans) plants to appear in the yard.

Today I rode a bike along 25 miles of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, and my constant companion was poison ivy. Just past the road shoulder new spring growth of red and green leaflets on wiry vines rolled by me. On my leg a blister itched insistently enough that I scratched it open, causing a small drop of blood to weep out.

The neighborhood legend is that one of the previous owners of our house was not fond of children, and so to make his land less inviting--or perhaps to torment small trespassers--he deliberately planted poison ivy. We have found it in four main locations in the yard, and I first encountered it before it leafed out, and came into contact with the oil that causes the allergic reaction. I've been taking Claritin every day to control the reactions, and I continue my policy of avoiding the plant at all costs. Alexis appears not to be allergic, and pulled out a large bagful of the vines this morning.

Poison ivy is one of my favorite plants in fall, rivaled only by sumac and sugar maple.

Poison ivy was 365 urban species #281, and is a frequently recurring character in this journal.
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This one was near the gate between the side yard and the big yard and was one of the first to bloom, but now there's dwarf cinquefoil (Potentilla canadensis) all over the frickin' place.

Cinquefoil is another very innocuous weed of lawn and garden. I'm perfectly happy to let it be--like violet it's below weed-trimmer height, and it produces a nice little flower. It's a perennial, often the only green thing in a yard in winter, and spreads with vining stems, which probably annoys fans of monocultural grass lawns. My only problem with it is that at a glance it can be mistaken for strawberry--other cinquefoils with three leaf patterns instead of five are even worse.

When generic cinquefoil was 365 species #33 (on February second!) it happened to be dwarf cinquefoil in the picture.
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These were the first common blue violets (Viola sorora) to pop up in the yard, now they're all over the place.

Violets are the weed that no one minds. They have cheery little flowers that may be in bloom anytime between April and November (judging by my posts tagged with "common blue violet"), their foliage is a nice low ground cover, and if you get tired of them, you can eat them.

Common blue violet was 365 urban species #103, and appeared in my Daily Urban Nature Pictures three times.
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My awesome friend Alex helps with our yard work.

My neighbor told me that one of the previous owners of the house deliberately planted poison ivy in the yard, because he didn't like kids. I haven't found any yet, but I have the tell-tale rash on my forearm, the top of my foot, and scattered about my body. I assume I came in contact with old PI roots while working on the unending Japanese knotweed removal project.
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Common chickweed Stellaria media growing in the perennial bed at the front of the house.

It seems strange to see such lush healthy chickweed, nourished by whatever the previous owners fertilized the perennial bed with. When chickweed has appeared in this blog before (as 365 Urban Species #88) it was a scrappy little weed clinging to the edge of a path or in the crack of a curbstone. A native of Europe named for its palatability to chickens, it's now found in every state in the US, and in most of Canada. We have another species of chickweed growing along the side of the house, and it's already gone to fruit, but I never identified it precisely (or got a good picture of it in flower).
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The first of the dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) to bloom along the foundation of our house.

The dandelion is an iconic part of urban nature. Why, look up at my icon! It has made itself useful to humans as a food plant and in herbal medicine, and if humans no longer cherish it as they used to, too bad. It is forever to stay with us in our cities and suburbs, along our roads and the edges of our carefully mowed lawns.

It was 365 urban species #82 in this blog before.
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Cleavers Galium aparine

Cleavers are so called because the plant is covered with little hooks, like velcro, that allow it to "cleave to" other plants, animals, and pant legs. ("To cleave" has two different, opposite meanings.) Likewise it may be called "sticky willy," "catchgrass," "catchweed bedstraw" (because a related was used to stuff bedding), and for some reason "goosegrass."



The plant is native to both Eurasia and North America, and has a history of cultural use in both continents. A variety of medical and culinary uses (including roasting the seeds as a coffee substitute) are attached to it, though contemporary people know it mainly as a weed. It prefers richly fertilized soil, and becomes a pest of crop fields and yard edges. Outside of its native range it is considered invasive.

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Mexican fleabane Erigeron karvinskianus

It's the last day of summer, the last day I won't feel too ridiculous posting a species I encountered back in August! Erigeron karvinskianus has many common names including seaside daisy, profusion fleabane, Mexican daisy, and Latin American fleabane. I'm going to use the name Mexican fleabane, since it is simple, fairly distinct, and accurate. It is native to Mexico and parts of South America, but has been deliberately introduced and cultivated around the world as an ornamental. It is considered invasive in some sensitive island habitats. In the places I visited in Britain this summer it did not seem to be considered invasive, and was actively cultivated, especially in stone walls.

The plant prefers open sun and dry sandy soil, in fact the cracks in the mortar of a rock wall building seems to be ideal. They were in bloom during my visit, and lent a cheery lively aspect to what would have been hot bare stone. It was fascinating to see weeds so carefully cultivated to grow in the cracks of man-made structures, when elsewhere so much effort is put into eradicating them.


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Lots of this weed around right now, especially in pavement cracks and at the edge of the parking lot. Anyone know what it is? I think it's a Galium sp.

EDITED TO ADD: What the hell is wrong with me? It's Carpetweed, which I already did an entry on back in 2006 when we were young and innocent.

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