urbpan: (dandelion)
 photo IMGP3459_zpsfwzr8kt7.jpg

The plant is a black cherry Prunus serotina, a weedy little tree found throughout the New World. The leaf bears the mushroom-like galls of a tiny arachnid, the mite Eriophyes cerasicrumena. The animals are living inside the protuberance.

The white discoloration patterns on the leaf are feeding marks left by leafhoppers--small (but enormous compared to the mites) insects that puncture the leaf and feed on the fluid within.

Thanks always to Charley Eiseman, who expertly divines animals from the marks they make on plants. He rears galls to identify the adult insects--I think he has discovered new or locally unknown species doing this.
urbpan: (dandelion)
 photo P1030635 1_zpsvsdjiklh.jpg
Most leafhoppers are tiny inconspicuous things, green or brown flecks living among the foliage. This Gyponana* is a comparative giant, at nearly a half inch, measured against the screen door grid.

* this is another one for the hive mind. Nana seems to mean small, I can't find any reason for gypo. There is another genus called ponana in the same subfamily--probably one derived from the other. There needs to be a field of taxonomic historic etymology to untangle all this.
urbpan: (dandelion)
 photo P1030224_zpsrrb1ndrc.jpg
For really great photos of candy-stripe leafhoppers, Graphocephala coccinea*, see here (BUG SEX WARNING). These adorable little pests use their adorable little beaks to suck juices out of plants--I think they're doing lots of adorable damage to our raspberries. These hoppers are part of the group called "sharpshooters," subfamily Cicadellinae.** Like their smaller, less hoppy relatives the aphids, they excrete excess fluid from their plant-sucking lifestyle. Unlike aphids, which slowly emit the stuff as payment in an ant-mafia protection racket, sharpshooters explosively fire droplets of liquid from their abdomen. Pew pew!

* "written-on-head, red like a berry"

** "Little cicada subfamily"
urbpan: (dandelion)
 photo P1020709_zps1zqndi9d.jpg
Lamb's quarters Chenopodium album* is a very common North American weed, and a close relative of spinach and quinoa. It is prized by the foraging community as an abundant and nutrient-dense green, found in suburban yards as well as urban sidewalk cracks.

The shape of the leaf and the tiny white-green flowers help identify it, but those red dots are the dead giveaway. Those are left by the nymphs of the Chenopodium leafhopper Norvellina chenopodii,** a small attractive insect that pierces the leaf with a tiny beak, sucking the juices of lamb's quarters.

* Chenopodium album literally means "little white goose foot."

** I couldn't find any reason for the name "Norvellina." It was probably named in honor of someone named Norvell. "Chenopodii" refers to the insect's host plant.

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