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Woodlouse spider Dysdera crocata.

This male woodlouse spider hiding under the crack of our front door is a more welcome visitor than the many yellow sac spiders that come by. I don't know anyone that's been bitten by a woodlouse spider, but since their fangs are adapted to pierce the hard shells of terrestrial crustaceans, human skin probably wouldn't stop them. They seem to be very shy creatures however, preferring to hide under logs and stones with their preferred prey animals. Houses are convenient refuges for spiders, and damp conditions favor woodlice and attract woodlouse hunters.

My 365 urban species entry on this spider is one of the most heavily trafficked pages on my blog. Something about encountering a red spider (especially inside) excites the curiosity.
urbpan: (dandelion)
Since I've made myself into a guy people ask about urban nature, I've noticed a bunch of recurring characters in the questions people ask. I thought it might be interesting or useful to make a list of the creatures that most often inspire a "what the hell is that?" reaction. These animals have a special value as gateways to an interest in nature for city people. When someone is startled by something that seems unusual or exotic, it's a great way to start to appreciate life for its own sake.

#8: European starling Sturnus vulgaris

Most urban people never even notice this most common of city birds. Smaller than pigeons, without that bird's habit of lingering in parks for handouts, starlings are below the notice of laypeople. This changes when they find a young starling, separated from its parents, seemingly helpless. The nestling is the same size an adult (a fact common to songbirds that is a source of much bafflement to those new to the study of nature) but less shy of humans. Sometimes the bird is stunned by having struck a window or otherwise reluctant to fly. The would-be good Samaritan scoops the bird into a box and goes online looking for advice on how to care for their little patient. They are then amazed to discover that they have rescued a bird that is hated by bird lovers. This paradox can only disentangled by learning the history of starling introduction, and the subsequent disastrous effects on native birds. Not the most pleasant way to begin learning about urban nature, but it may be the first awakening that there are many stories of the animals in the city, and they may be interested to learn what animals are introduced, what are native, and the many ways humans have changed the path of nature.

the countdown continues )
urbpan: (dandelion)

Urban species #098: Woodlouse spider Dysdera crocata

While handling this spider trying (unsuccessfully) to get a better photograph, I became unnerved when I noticed its fangs. Usually on a spider this size (maybe 3/4 or an inch, or a little less than 2 cm) the fangs are inconspicuous, tucked away underneath. The woodlouse spider has long, obvious fangs, presumably strong and sharp for piercing the shell of their crustacean prey. Most spiders' fangs are not strong enough to bite through human skin, but some are, and this individual looked capable. But it showed no inclination to bite, instead clambering in a panic to remove itself from the light.

Research after the fact indicates that it indeed could have bitten me, but it wouldn't have injured me seriously. Or to use some delicious technical language: "D. crocata bites have been implicated in causing a localized, intensely pruritic rash with coalescing dermal papules 4-5 mm in diameter.  The bites apparently do not result in any systemic neurotoxicity or cytotoxicity." (http://www.ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/Spider/spiders.htm)

The woodlouse spider, unsurprisingly, is found anywhere woodlice are. Under logs and stones and other debris near buildings is where you will most likely encounter one. They were apparently introduced to North America and Australia, along with their favored prey, from Europe. It's possible that no introduced woodlice are considered invasive because their predator comes along with them when they travel.

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