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Among the animals, termites pretty much have wood all to themselves. All that cellulose and lignin is just too difficult for most creatures to digest. Termites have symbiotic organisms in their guts that do the chemistry work for them. If you look closely you can see at least two different castes working their roles in this colony of eastern subterranean termites Reticulotermes flavipes*. Termites are the most primitive of the eusocial animals, having been chewing wood for up to 150 million years before ants or bees came along.

*Yellow-footed netted termite
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Sunday morning there were clouds of flying insects emanating like smoke from the ground! Read more... )
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These eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes) workers and soldiers were underneath I rock I overturned, some distance I should say, from my house, which I am happy to report is made of stone.

Like all creatures we call pests, outside of the human context termites are normal and positive parts of the ecosystem. They consume dead wood and other cellulose-laden litter, recycling the waste of the forest into new soil. Social insects which form huge colonies, they act as an endlessly renewing food source for small predators and insectivores. This species is the most common and abundant termite species in North America, and the only one found in New England. It has previously appeared in this blog as 365 urban species #113, wherein I scoffed at the danger to New England structures posed by this creature. Now that I've worked in the industry for several years, I'm no longer so cynical about the motives of pest control operators.
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photos by [livejournal.com profile] cottonmanifesto

Eastern subterranean termite. Reticulitermes flavipes

Researching termites I find that the problem of termite infestations in houses in New England is very serious, at least in the opinion of the pest control industry. One Massachusetts-based exterminator's website helpfully provides the alarming fact that there are more than 2000 species of termites worldwide. It omits, however, the fact that there is only one species found in the northeast. The eastern subterranean termite is a relatively fragile creature, requiring moist conditions to avoid dessication. Doubtless there have been cases where they have infested homes in New England, but they are few and far between. Nationwide, the professionals tell us, termites cause as much structural damage as fire, but very little of this damage can be blamed on northeastern populations of eastern subterranean termites. I have only found termites in Boston underneath damp rotten logs.

Termites are the only social insects that aren't related to ants and bees. While sterile adults make up an ant or bee colony, termite workers and soldiers are sexually immature youngsters. In this stage the insects are white and sightless. Their appetite for wood is infamous, but it should be recognized as the remarkable adaptation that it is. Thanks to a symbiosis with single-celled organisms that live in their digestive system, they can make use of a food source unavailable to almost all other living things.
soldier termite at upper left )

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