urbpan: (dandelion)
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Among the animals, termites pretty much have wood all to themselves. All that cellulose and lignin is just too difficult for most creatures to digest. Termites have symbiotic organisms in their guts that do the chemistry work for them. If you look closely you can see at least two different castes working their roles in this colony of eastern subterranean termites Reticulotermes flavipes*. Termites are the most primitive of the eusocial animals, having been chewing wood for up to 150 million years before ants or bees came along.

*Yellow-footed netted termite
urbpan: (dandelion)
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An ant (probably Formica subsericea, the host species to our slave making ants) and her herd of aphids on a stem of Cosmos.

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Every once in a while I'll tell Alexis that she's pretty, and she looks at me like I told her that I like toothaches. I took this picture to prove both things.
urbpan: (dandelion)
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This pigeon horntail Tremex columba was on my desk when I came in one morning. It was in a urine specimen cup with a note that it had been found in one of the barns. I suspect that this harmless insect was mistaken for a stinging insect and killed. Still I'm glad to get the sample, since I've never seen one of these before.

That alarming-looking spike sticking out the back of the animal is not a stinger but a stout ovipositor the female uses to deposit eggs into wood. In the process she also introduces the fungus Cerrena unicolor into the wood. The fungus digests the wood, allowing the larva to feed on the now-softened substrate. The larva is pursued by yet another harmless yet terrifying-to-most-people creature, the giant ichneumon Megarhyssa macrurus. I've received reports of "four inch long wasps with stingers as long as their bodies," an absurd exaggeration. The giant ichneumon is about two inches long, and that's not a stinger it's an ovipositor. She also drives it into the wood, but deposits her egg directly into the horntail larva. The ichneumon larva eats the horntail larva alive, and the beautiful circle of life continues.
urbpan: (dandelion)
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Gyponana Rugosana querci leafhopper nymph.

EDITED 7/11/13 on account of some smartypants on Bugguide.net identified it more precisely.

This enterprising young insect hitched a ride in Alexis' car at some point and disembarked in our yard. I wouldn't count a scarlet macaw or an Indian elephant on the list if it made it into the yard that way, but the chances are close to 100% that there are already other leafhoppers on the property. There are about 50 species in the genus Gyponana, all well-camouflaged plant-sucking bugs. Recently the subgenus Rugosana was elevated to its own genus out of Gyponana. This one is wingless because it is sexually immature, but adults jump/fly their way from plant to plant. This one better start crawling to the back corner of the yard to get to the neighbor's oak trees, since that's all they eat and we don't have any.

The last time I posted a leafhopper on this blog a scientist friend was inspired to respond with a much more interesting blog post. The short of it, as I understand it, is that leafhoppers have symbiotic bacteria that help them derive nutrients from their diet of plant juice. Nothing too weird there, all of us animal-type organisms pretty much have the same deal. However in leafhoppers (and one assumes other insects that suck phloem for a living) the symbionts are somehow transmitted from mother to egg, insect and bacterium coevolving for eons into inseparable partners, the bacteria become in essence organs of the insect.

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